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上期翻译答案
For the new study, published in BMJ Open, a team at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Bostoncompared238 women who had started using medication to tackle insomniawith447 matched women who were not on sleeping drugs.
在一项发表在《英国医学杂志》上的新研究中，波士顿布莱根妇女医院的一个团队对238名服用药物治疗失眠的女性和447名匹配的没有服用安眠药的女性进行了比较。
科普一下：这是医学研究中常用的配对设计，配对指的是除了药物使用情况，两组研究对象的男女比例、年龄构成、疾病严重程度等的分布尽可能接近，通常实验组和对照组的研究对象比例为1:1或1:2
《本期内容》
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如今，接受名校的高等教育是精英阶层赚取高收入并将特权传递给子女的方式之一。众所周知，拥有优秀工作的精英父母希望让孩子上大学。在激烈的同辈竞争中，教育逐渐偏离了它本来的意义——传授知识，变成了阶级攀升与阶级固化的工具。
双语阅读
Educationalhierarchiesinvite ruthless competition. So we scratch and claw to get places in the exclusive schools and colleges whose graduates fill the top jobs. The most obviouspitfallof this competition is that only the privileged can reliably access the lifetime of schooling needed to win: Harvard, Princeton, Stanford, and Yale together typically enroll more students from households in the richest 1 percent than from the entire bottom half.
教育等级制度带来了残酷的竞争。因此，我们拼命争取进入那些顶尖大学，从这些学校毕业的学生都从事着顶尖的工作。这种竞争最明显的缺陷是，只有特权阶层才能稳定地获得赢得人生竞赛所需要的终身教育：哈佛、普林斯顿、斯坦福和耶鲁招收来自最富有的1%家庭的学生，比招收来自整个后50%家庭的学生要多。
At the same time, the pressure to get the best students leads schoolsastray. Theglossymarketing materials that colleges use to attract students are sometimes ridiculous. More seriously, the need to lure the most-desired privileged students away from competitors leads colleges to replace need-based financial aid with “merit scholarships.”
与此同时，招收优生的压力也将学校引入歧途。大学用来吸引学生的光鲜的营销材料有时很可笑。更糟糕的是，由于需要从竞争对手那里吸引那些最抢手的特权阶级学生，大学用“优秀学生奖学金”取代了基于真正需要资助的奖助学金。
The dominant role that rankings play in students’ decisions about where to enroll makes all but the most elite colleges perpetually insecure. Rankings, one dean has said, “are always in the back of [every administrator’s] head. With every issue that comes up, we have to ask, ‘How is this impacting our ranking?’” Schools hire rankings consultants to tell them how to improve. The responses don’t serve educational excellence, or really any educational purpose at all, and educators resent them.
在学生决定上哪所大学时，学校的排名起主导作用，这使得除了最顶尖的大学之外，所有的大学都永远没有安全感。一位院长曾说过，排名“总是(每个管理者）的一块心病”。对于出现的每个问题，我们都不得不思考，‘这对我们的排名会造成什么影响?’”学校会聘请排名顾问来告诉他们如何改进。这些做法根本不是为了提供优质教育，或者纯粹没有任何的教育目的，教育工作者对此很反感。
Another pitfall of competitive education is that it distorts students’ choices of what skills to acquire. When schooling is the path to income and status, students study the subjects that yield the highest wages and the greatest prestige, inducing too many people to study finance and law and too few to study education, caregiving, or even engineering. But private wages are not the same thing as the public interest.
竞争教育的另一个缺陷是，它干涉了学生选择获得什么样的技能。当上学是为了获得收入和地位，学生们会去学习能赚到最高的工资和获得最高的声望的科目，导致太多人去学习金融和法律，而很少人去学习教育、护理甚至理工。但是个人工资和公共利益不是一回事。
Child-care workers, for example, give much more to society than they take from it, generating almost 10 times as great a social product as they capture in private wages. Bankers and lawyers, by contrast, capture private wages that exceed their social product—they take more than they give. The distortions reach beyond specific jobs. Art, culture, and community all make the world a much better place, but they are notoriously difficult tomonetizein the market. Competitive schooling thereforedrives students awayfrom these fields.
翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~相比之下，银行家和律师获得的个人工资超过了他们的社会奉献价值——他们得到的比给予的多。这种扭曲不仅限于特定的工作岗位。艺术、文化和社会服务都可以让世界变得更美好，但它们却很难在市场上赚钱。因此，竞争性学校教育把学生驱离了这些行业。
本文节选自：The Atlantic（大西洋月刊）
发布时间：2021.05.06
作者：Daniel Markovits
原文标题：How College Became a Ruthless Competition Divorced From Learning
词汇积累
1.hierarchy
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英/’haɪərɑːkɪ/美/’haɪərɑrki/
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n. 等级制度；统治集团, 领导层
2.pitfall
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英 /’pɪtfɔːl/美/’pɪt’fɔl/
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n. (捕猎野兽用的)陷阱；意想不到的困难; 易犯的错误
3.astray
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英/ə’streɪ/美/ə’stre/
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adv. 迷途地；迷路；误入歧途地
adj. 离开正道的；不对头的；迷路的
4.glossy
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英/’glɒsɪ/美/’ɡlɑsi/
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adj. 光洁的;光滑的；虚有其表的;浮华的；用有光纸印刷并附有很多鲜艳图片的
5.monetize
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英/’mʌnɪtaɪz/美/’mʌnə,taɪz/
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vt. 定为货币，使成为合法货币；铸造成货币
词组搭配
1.merit scholarships 优秀奖学金
2.drive sb away 使离去；使不愿久留；使不想去(某地)
写作句总结
Educational hierarchies invite ruthless competition.
结构:sth.1 invite sth.2
sth.1带来了sth.2
例句:Spring invites a vibrant scene.
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